论文作者：Jingyu Chai#, Kailiang Wang#, Yunhai Xie, Anni Wang, Huiqi Zhong , Xiaohua Yao, Ping Lin*
期刊来源：Industrial Crops and Products
论文摘要：
Crossbreeding of the elite clones is an important strategy to breed the new germplasms of Camellia oleifera capable of higher oil yield and quality. While the genetic control model and heterosis of oil-related traits in C. oleifera remains challenging. To improve the breeding efficiency, several genetic parameters were evaluated in this study based on a 5 × 5 complete diallel design of C. oleifera. A total of seven oil-related traits were measured for three years in the F1 progenies, including oil content of dry kernel (OC) and the contents of six kinds of fatty acid in the oil. For these seven traits, we calculated their parental general combining ability (GCA), special combining ability (SCA) and heritability. And the changed heterosis in F1 progenies during the growth period was analyzed. The results showed that the GCA and SCA of parents for most of the traits had significant differences among the crosses. And the ratio of GCA to SCA ranged from 1.67 to 2, meaning that the SCA was more important than GCA in C. oleifera breeding. The broad-sense heritability for the seven traits were from 11.74% to 53.38% and these traits were significantly affected by environmental factors. And the variation of heterosis were different at different traits. According to the assessed combining ability, heritability and heterosis, three parental combinations were suggested to use in C. oleifera crossbreeding, which harbored greater potential to produce the progeny with optimal oil-related traits. The cross CL4 ×CL40 was most apt to obtain superior progeny in terms of OC and C16:0. Whereas the cross CL4 ×CL53 would be also the better choice for culturing progeny with a high OC content. The cross CL10 ×CL53 and CL95 ×CL53 would be likely to beget superior progeny for the C18:1 and C18:2 content, respectively.
背景：本研究以油茶5×5全双列杂交的20个家系（无自交）为对象，对其生长性状和经济性状跟踪观测了8年。选择初产期（3年生子代林）、盛产前期（4年生子代林）和盛产期（8年生子代林）为分析节点，采集了8个油茶重要油脂性状数据，包括种仁含油率和7种主要脂肪酸含量。以此为基础，比较了家系间油脂性状的遗传差异，分析了杂交亲本的配合力、油脂性状的遗传力和杂种优势的差异，以及随树龄增长的变化规律，筛选出适用于油茶高产优质杂交育种的优良亲本和杂交组合，以期为油茶杂交育种提供理论支撑。
DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117434
